# Charts

Klinger Volume Oscillator (KVO)

# Klinger Volume Oscillator (KVO)

Klinger Volume Oscillator, developed by Stephen Klinger, uses the key price compared to the prior bar's key price to assign volume as positive or negative value.

## Configuration Options

• Signal Periods: TBD
• Short Cycle: Number of periods to include in the short cyle.
• Long Cycle: Number of periods to include in the long cycle.
• Color Selectors: Colors to use for graph elements.
• Display Axis Label: Whether to display the most recent value on the Y axis.

## Formula

$Key\;Price_{t} = \frac{High_{t} + Low_{t} + Close_{t}}{3}$

$Key\;Price_{t-1} = \frac{High_{t-1} + Low_{t-1} + Close_{t-1}}{3}$

$Trend = \begin{pmatrix} if\;Key\;Price_{t} > Key\;Price_{t-1}, & Volume \\ if\;Key\;Price_{t} < Key\;Price_{t-1}, & -Volume & \end{pmatrix}$

$KVO = EMA_{short-period}(Trend) - EMA_{long-period}(Trend)$

$KVO\;Signal = EMA_{signal}(KVO)$

where

$EMA = exponential\;moving\;average\;of\;user\;defined\;lengths\;of\;short-period,\;long-period,\;and\;signal.$